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Pyrogallol – 1:2:3-trihydroxybenzene
C6H3(OH)3
Molecular weight: 126
Characteristics: Fine white powdery crystals.
Pyro has enjoyed quite a renaissance over the last 8 years since Gordon Hutchings introduced the PMK formula, which has been successfully marketed in kit form by several companies. Pyro is a staining developer and the yellow staining is proportional to the amount of silver reduced. Therefore, the highlights will stain the most and the shadows the least.
This staining also works very well to mask the grain of the negative. PMK is NOT a fine-grained formula, and yet enlargements of reasonable quality can be produced from the miniature negatives from 35mm cameras. In fact, I highly recommend this developer for 35mm use for precisely this reason.
The only caveats with pyro are its toxicity and its limited stability. Make no mistake, people have died from pyro poisoning. To be honest, they fell into a vat of it that was being used as a fabric dye. Nevertheless, all necessary precautions should be taken when mixing, and I usually mix mine outdoors on a calm day.
When addressing the issue of stability, we should remember that pyro formulas contain little sulphite and are therefore far less stable than their preserved, non-staining counterparts. The developer should be mixed immediately before use and used only in the one-shot method.
By the way, whilst pyro is very unstable in alkaline solutions, it is very stable in acidic solutions and can be stored for years in a full bottle.